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Abstract:
Painted caves are karstic cavities here considered as stable physical systems in a state of dynamic equilibrium. From the example of the Gargas cave, we show that introduction of excess energy (visitors, lighting) causes a loss of stability and introduces a risk of degradation in the cavity. From different approaches, we identify the periods and the causes of instability and we determine the maximum level of introduced energy which would preserve the conservative properties of the cavity. These results allow cave equipment and visitor capacity compatible with satisfactory conservation conditions to be defined.ResumeLes grottes ornees sont des cavites karstiques considerees comme des systemes physiques stables en etat d'equilibre dynamique. Nous montrons, a partir de l'exemple de la grotte de Gargas, que l'introduction d'une energie excedentaire (visiteurs, eclairage) destabilise le systeme naturel, determinant ainsi un risque de degradation dans la cavite. Differentes approches permettent d'identifier les periodes et les causes de la destabilisation et de determiner le niveau maximum d'energie introduite permettant le maintien du pouvoir conservatoire de la cavite. Ces resultats permettent de definir des amenagements et un niveau de frequentation compatible avec des conditions de conservation satisfaisantes